Business Strategy Essay Example for Free

Business Strategy Essay In 2006, Starbucks’, the omnipresent espresso retailer, shut a time of amazing money related execution. Deals had expanded from $697 million to $7.8 billion and net benefits from $36 million to $540 million. In 2006, Starbucks’ was gaining an arrival on contributed capital of 25.5%, which was amazing by any measure, and the organization was determined to keep developing income and keep up high benefits all the way to the finish of the decade. How did this come to fruition? Thirty years back Starbucks was a solitary store in Seattle’s Pike Place Market selling premium cooked espresso. Today it is a worldwide roaster and retailer of espresso with in excess of 12,000 retail locations, somewhere in the range of 3,000 of which are to be found in 40 nations outside the United States. Starbucks Corporation set out on its present course during the 1980s when the company’s chief of showcasing, Howard Schultz, returned from an excursion to Italy captivated with the Italian café experience. Schultz, who later became CEO, convinced the company’s proprietors to try different things with the café formatâ€and the Starbucks experience was conceived. Schultz’s essential understanding was that individuals did not have a â€Å"third place† among home and work where they could have their very own break, meet with companions, unwind, and have a feeling of social event. The plan of action that advanced out of this was to sell the company’s own premium simmered espresso, alongside newly blended coffee style espresso refreshments, an assortment of baked goods, espresso embellishments, teas, and different items, in a café setting. The organization committed, and keeps on giving, significant regard for the plan of its stores, in order to make a casual, casual and agreeable air. Hidden this methodology was a conviction that Starbucks was selling undeniably more than espresso †it was selling an encounter. The superior value that Starbucks charged fo r its espresso mirrored this reality. From the start, Schultz additionally centered around giving prevalent client care in stores. Thinking that roused workers give the best client support, Starbucks administrators created representative recruiting and preparing programs that were the best in the eatery business. Today, all Starbucks workers are required to go to instructional courses that show them not just how to make a decent mug of espresso, yet additionally the administration arranged estimations of the organization. Past this, Starbucks gave dynamic pay strategies that gave even low maintenance representatives investment opportunity awards and health advantages †an inventive methodology in an industry where most workers are low maintenance, procure the lowest pay permitted by law and have no advantages. Not at all like numerous café networks, which extended quickly through diversifying plan once they have built up an essential equation that seems to work, Schultz accepted that Starbucks expected to claim its stores. In spite of the fact that it has explored different avenues regarding diversifying game plans in certain nations, and a few circumstances in the United States, for example, at air terminals, the organization despite everything wants to possess its own stores at whatever point conceivable. This equation met with fantastic achievement in the United States, where Starbucks went from indefinite quality to extraordinary compared to other known brands in the nation in 10 years. As it developed, Starbucks found that it was producing a colossal volume of rehash business. Today the normal client comes into a Starbucks’ store around 20 times each month. The clients themselves are a genuinely all around recuperated bunch †their normal salary is about $80,000. As the organization developed, it began to build up an advanced area procedure. Point by point segment examination was utilized to distinguish the best areas for Starbuck’s stores. The organization extended quickly to catch however many premium areas as could reasonably be expected before imitators. Bewildering numerous onlookers, Starbucks would even here and there find stores on inverse corners of the equivalent occupied road †with the goal that it could catch traffic going various bearings down the road. By 1995 with right around 700 stores over the United States, Starbucks started investigating outside circumstances. First stop was Japan, where Starbucks demonstrated that the fundamental incentive could be applied to an alternate social setting (there are presently 600 stores in Japan). Next, Starbucks set out upon a fast advancement methodology in Asia and Europe. By 2001, the magazine Brandchannel named Starbucks’ one the ten most significant worldwide brands, a position it has held from that point forward. Be that as it may, this is just the start. In late 2006, with 12,000 stores in activity, the organization declared that its drawn out objective was to have 40,000 stores around the world. Looking forward, it expects half of all new store openings to be outside of the United.i Case Discussion Questions 1. What practical procedures at Starbucks’ help the organization to accomplish unrivaled money related execution? 2. Recognize the assets, capacities and unmistakable abilities of Starbucks? 3. How do Starbucks’ assets, capacities and unmistakable abilities convert into unrivaled money related execution? 4. For what reason do you think Starbucks’ likes to claim its own stores at whatever point conceivable? 5. How secure is Starbucks’ serious advantage?What are the obstructions to impersonation here? !Sources: Starbucks 10K, different years; C. McLean, â€Å"Starbucks Set to Invade Coffee-Loving Continent,† Seattle Times, October 4, 2000, p. E1; J. Ordonez, â€Å"Starbucks to Start Major Expansion in Overseas Market,† Wall Street Journal, October 27, 2000, p. B10; S. Homes and D. Bennett, â€Å"Planet Starbucks,† Business Week, September 9, 2002, pp 99â€110; J. Batsell, â€Å"A Bean Counters Dream,† Seattle Times, March 28th, 2004, page E1; Staff Reporter, â€Å"Boss Talk: it’s a Grande Latte World†, Wall Street Journal, December 15, 2003, page B1. States. C. Harris, â€Å"Starbucks beats gauges, diagrams development plans†, Seattle Post Intelligencer, October fifth, 2006, page C1

Grapes Of Wrath By Steinbeck (1133 words) Essay Example For Students

Grapes Of Wrath By Steinbeck (1133 words) Essay Grapes Of Wrath By SteinbeckThe Grapes of Wrath is a novel by John Steinbeck that uncovered the desperateconditions under which the transient homestead groups of America during the 1930slive under. The epic recounts one families relocation west to California throughthe incredible financial downturn of the 1930s. The Joad family needed to abandontheir home and their vocations. They needed to evacuate and set untied becausetractors were quickly industrializing their homesteads. The bank took ownership oftheir land in light of the fact that the proprietors couldn't take care of their credit. The tale shows howthe Joad family manages moving to California. How they endure the remorselessness ofthe land proprietors that exploit them, their destitution and eagerness towork. The Grapes of Wrath joins Steinbeck reverence of the land, his simplehatred of defilement coming about because of realism (cash) and his standing confidence inthe average folks to conquer the unfriendly condition. The ta le opens with aretaining image of nature on frenzy. The epic shows the people thatare solid commonly. The topic is one of man refrains a threatening situation. His body annihilated however his soul isn't broken. The technique used to create thetheme of the novel is using imagery. There are a few uses ofsymbols in the novel from the turtle toward the starting to the downpour toward the end. Aseach image is introduced through the novel they show instances of the great andthe terrible things that exist inside the novel. The initial part paints a vividpicture of the circumstance confronting the dry season stricken ranchers of Oklahoma. Dustis portrayed a covering everything, covering the life out of anything thatwants to develop. The residue is representative of the disintegration of the lives of the individuals. The residue is interchangeable with deadness. The land is demolished ^way oflife (cultivating) gone, individuals ^uprooted and drove out. Besides, the duststands for ^profiteering banks out of sight that press the life out theland by constraining the individuals off the land. The dirt, the individuals (ranchers) havebeen depleted of life and are misused: The keep going precipitation fell on the red and graycountry of Oklahoma toward the beginning of May. The weeds turned into a dim green to protectthemselves from the suns unflinching rays.The wind became more grounded, uprootingthe debilitated corn, and the air turned out to be so loaded up with dust that the stars werenot noticeable around evening time. (Chp 1) As the part proceeds with a turtle, which appearsand returns a few times from the get-go in the novel, can be believed to stand forsurvival, a driving life power in all of humanity that can't be beaten by natureor man. The turtle speaks to an expectation that the outing towar d the west is survivable bythe rancher vagrants (Joad family). The turtle further speaks to the migrantsstruggles against nature/man by defeating each deterrent he experiences: the redant in his way, the truck driver who attempts to run over him, being caught inTom Joads coat: And now a light truck drew nearer, and as it drew close, thedriver saw the turtle and turned to hit it. The driver of the truck works for alarge organization, who attempt to prevent the vagrants from going west, when the driverattempts to hit the turtle it is another case of the huge amazing person tryingto level or execute the little person. Everything the turtle experiences trys itsbest to prevent the turtle from making its westerly excursion. Consistently the turtleadvances on, incidentally toward the southwest, the course of the mirgration ofpeople. The turtle is depicted as being enduring, antiquated, old and astute: hornyhead, yellowed toenails, indestructible high vault of a shell, entertaining old eyes . .uf77938e509bb18ce657dec206b7cf02e , .uf77938e509bb18ce657dec206b7cf02e .postImageUrl , .uf77938e509bb18ce657dec206b7cf02e .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .uf77938e509bb18ce657dec206b7cf02e , .uf77938e509bb18ce657dec206b7cf02e:hover , .uf77938e509bb18ce657dec206b7cf02e:visited , .uf77938e509bb18ce657dec206b7cf02e:active { border:0!important; } .uf77938e509bb18ce657dec206b7cf02e .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uf77938e509bb18ce657dec206b7cf02e { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uf77938e509bb18ce657dec206b7cf02e:active , .uf77938e509bb18ce657dec206b7cf02e:hover { murkiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uf77938e509bb18ce657dec206b7cf02e .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .uf77938e509bb18ce657dec206b7cf02e .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enrichment: underline; } .uf77938e509bb18ce657dec206b7cf02e .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uf77938e509bb18ce657dec206b7cf02e .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-beautification: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf77938e509bb18ce657dec206b7cf02e:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uf77938e509 bb18ce657dec206b7cf02e .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uf77938e509bb18ce657dec206b7cf02e-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uf77938e509bb18ce657dec206b7cf02e:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Accountability Of Our Government Essay(Chp 1) The driver of the truck, red subterranean insect and Tom Joads coat are all symbolicof nature and man the attempt to prevent the turtle from proceeding with his journeywestward to the guarantee land. The turtle assists with building up the subject by showingits battle against life/contrasting it and the Joad battle against man. Thegrapes appear to represent both harshness and bounteousness. Grandpa the oldestmember of the Joad family discusses the grapes as images of bounty; all hisdescriptions of what he will do with the grapes in California suggestcontentment, opportunity, the o bjective for which the Joad family make progress toward: Im gonnalet the juice run down mama face, shower in the dammed grapes (Chp 4) The grapesthat are discussed by Grandpa help to expand the topic by indicating that nomatter how decent everything appears in California in all actuality their excellence isonly shallow, in their spirits they are spoiled. The spoiled center stanzas thebeautiful appearance. The willow tree that is situated on the Joads farmrepresents the Joad family. The willow is depicted as being steady and neverbending to the breeze or residue. The Joad family wouldn't like to move, they preferto remain on the land they experienced childhood with, much equivalent to the willow does. Thewillow adds to the subject by indicating the reluctance of the individuals to beremoved from their property by the banks. The last speaks to the power makingthem leave their homes. Both of these images help add to the topic byshowing a battle between one another. The tree battles aga inst nature in muchthe same way that the Joad family battles against the Bank and largecompanies. The downpours that comes toward the finish of the novel represent severalthings. Downpour in which is inordinate, with a particular goal in mind satisfies a pattern of thedust which is additionally over the top. In a manner nature has reestablished a parity and hasinitiated another development cycle. This connects to different instances of the rebirthidea in the closure, much in the manner in which the Joad family will develop once more. The raincontributes to the subject by demonstrating the pattern of nature that give a conclusionto the novel by indicating that life is an example of birth and passing. The downpour isanother case of nature against man, the downpour comes and floods the livingquarters of the Joads. The Joads attempt to stop the surge of their home by yetagain are constrained back when nature drops a tree making a surge of water ruintheir home compelling them to move. In inverse manner downpour can supportive to give lifeto plants that need it to live. Contingent upon which extraordinary the downpour is in, itcan be hurtful or supportive. This is valid for man, man can become both extremesbad or great relying upon his picking. All through the novel there are severalsymbols used to build up the topic man refrains an unfriendly domain. Each symbolused in the novel show instances of the two boundaries. Some speak to man, thatstruggles against the earth, others portray the feelingsof the vagrants. As every image is introduced sequentially through the novel,they meet up toward the conclusion to illustrate the conditions,treatment and sentiments the individuals (vagrants) as they make there venture throughthe novel toward the West.

The Financial Statement With the Continental Model Emphasizing Research Paper

The Financial Statement With the Continental Model Emphasizing Creditors Protection - Research Paper Example One down to earth distinction that comes quickly to mind because of the above components, is the diverse strategy for deterioration followed in the United Kingdom and Germany, which are at the furthest edges of the range. Though in the United Kingdom devaluation is resolved by custom with, â€Å"convention and realism, as opposed to correct rules†¦[determining] the technique for deterioration, assessments of the piece esteem and the normal length of life† (Ferrari L 2005). In Germany then again, charge guidelines set out every one of these perspectives in detail, ruling out subjectivity or control. Obviously, the budget reports of a similar organization arranged utilizing diverse bookkeeping practices would have various degrees of straightforwardness. The more straightforward the budget report, the higher the quality and the more its incentive to financial specialists and investors. Another distinction lies in the domain of open exposure. On the Continent, shareholdings a re probably going to be moved in the hands of a couple of institutional speculators like banks and contacts between the organization and the bank are probably going to be kept classified. While, when there are increasingly differing investors, open divulgence is progressively normal, permitting a more prominent number of individuals to asses the money related reasonability of an organization and its future possibilities and potential for development. These distinctions in bookkeeping rehearses, be that as it may, are an impediment in the inexorably globalized commercial center. Contrasts between bookkeeping frameworks make it hard to look at the general worth of an organization from an investor’s perspective, particularly when the financial specialist could well be from one more nation.

roman empire Essays (278 words) - Julio-Claudian Dynasty, Tiberius

In 27 B.C., Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus was granted the honorific title of Augustus by a declaration of the Senate. So started the Roman domain and the principate of the Julio-Claudians: Augustus (r. 27 B.C.?14 A.D.), Tiberius (r. 14?37 A.D.), Gaius Germanicus, known as Caligula (r. 37?41 A.D.), Claudius (r. 41?54 A.D.), and Nero (r. 54?68 A.D.). The Julio-Claudians, Roman nobles with an amazing family line, kept up Republican beliefs and wished to include the Senate and other Roman blue-bloods in the administration. This, be that as it may, inevitably prompted a decrease in the intensity of the Senate and the augmentation of supreme control through equestrian officials and magnificent freedmen. Harmony and flourishing were kept up in the areas and international strategy, particularly under Augustus and Tiberius, depended more on discretion than military power. With its outskirts secure and a steady focal government, the Roman domain delighted in a time of success, mechanical deve lopment, incredible accomplishments in expressions of the human experience, and prospering exchange and business. Under Caligula, much time and incomes were dedicated to lavish games and exhibitions, while under Claudius, the empire?and particularly Italy and Rome itself?benefited from the sovereign's regulatory changes and energy for open works programs. Royal development achieved colonization, urbanization, and augmentation of Roman citizenship in the territories. The succeeding ruler, Nero, was a specialist and benefactor of expressions of the human experience. He additionally expanded the outskirts of the realm, yet irritated the privileged and neglected to hold the dedication of the Roman armies. In the midst of insubordination and common war, the Julio-Claudian line reached an ignoble conclusion with Nero's self destruction in 68 A.D.

Corporate Income Taxes - Tax-Planning Client Letter on Irrevocable Research Paper

Corporate Income Taxes - Tax-Planning Client Letter on Irrevocable Trusts, Gift Tax, and Estate Tax - Research Paper Example n this case, he will have home and assessment contemplations as the piece of the advantage under unalterable trust won't be reflected in his expense commitments. By expelling a piece of the domain from all occurrences of proprietorship, my customer will viably expel them from his available bequest, Hosseini (2013). Moreover, the customer will be eased from charge commitments exuding from that piece of benefit under irreversible trust. In spite of the fact that charge law contrasts among ward, the granter won't be excluded from the previously mentioned charge alleviation on the off chance that he remains the trustee of the trust. The reality encompassing this case is that the unalterable trust has the two disadvantages and advantages in equivalent measures. With respect to the impediments, the trust can't be renounced, as the name recommend. Furthermore, it can't be altered to suit different considerations or rejections. Then again, the granter is excluded from different taxation rates including bequest and annual duties. These realities are huge for my customer in order to settle on a trustworthy choice. The issue in this lawful issue is that the granter is keen on building up a permanent trust for his two grandkids. For this situation, his advantage is two have the valuably get the salary from the domain to be disseminated to the two kids until they are 20 years old. For this situation, they are keen on knowing the advantages and disadvantages of taking this specific decision or rather to learn of other accessible channels that can be utilized to address their inclinations. Rules and guidelines overseeing home expense in America are cherished in the bequest and blessing demonstration of 2001 together with a different correction to the equivalent. The Act gives that bequests are exposed to tax assessment that is gazetted in the administration press in a given timeframe. For this situation, the expense is payable by the individual to which the domain in enrolled or the trustee, Frischmann (2008). This suggests my customer, as the enrolled proprietor, should transmit both the

Rate of adoption-quinoa cultivation in Hermiston, Oregon Essay

Pace of reception quinoa development in Hermiston, Oregon - Essay Example The yield has developed as one of the most nutritious grains. The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) pronounce 2013 as a year to stamp the yield. countries has even assigned quinoa as â€Å"Super crop.† This examination centers around the presentation of Quinoa and expectation its pace of appropriation in Hermiston, Oregon zone There is almost no information among inhabitants of the territory with respect to the advantages they can harvest from developing the yield. Quinoa is a generally new yield in the United States since it has been essentially developed in South America. Quinoa is a grain yield and staple nourishment. It has pulled in enthusiasm of the world because of simple development factors and exceptionally nutritious component. It offers best protein creation including lysine, histidine, cystine and methionine. Oat starch has greater size granules when contrasted with quinoa starch granule. It is increasingly thick. The plant is best appropriate for modern use. The plant is included saponins, which is an unpleasant compound and these can without much of a stretch be evacuated by scraped area and washing before utilizing it. An investigation demonstrated that plant could develop well in less prolific soil (Galway, 1992). Chenopodium Quinoa has one pivotal part of intrigue, that is, the lysine content, which is definitely not a typical supplement in other plant species. The development of this yearly herb produces panicle, which contains some little seeds called achenes (Jacobsen, 1997). The seeds created are round, little and level with pigmentation running from red to white. The shade of the seeds differs starting with one biological system then onto the next on account of the climatic abberations in the districts where it is developed. It has a broad root framework transcendently enslaved by taproots that help the branchy stem. The plant develops to statures of between sixty to one hundred and twenty five centimeters. The nourishment crop is found in territories with unforgiving natural conditions, for example, high mountain fields, generally moderate fruitful valley regions, beach front backwoods, and basic regions (Burton and Bo, 2005). For this situation the ideal area is Umatilla County, which is one of the agronomically rich territories in the State. The prevalent condition in the Hermiston territory changes quickly; henceforth the need to develop safe harvests that are not reliant on stable ecological conditions (Van de Fliert and Ann, 2002). Besides since the IPCC (1990) was distributed, broad endeavors have been gotten to enable our agribusiness to adjust to the environmental change on the grounds that the last has profound biophysical impacts on crop yield, soil and water assets (Antle, 2009) and hence quinoa is the ideal harvest to be developed not just for its differed utilizes and remarkable nutritive worth yet in addition since it is an exceptionally versatile yield (.(Del Castillo et al., 2007) Farmers in the area are accustomed to developing natural plants, which is a bit of leeway as next to no is known on the Quinoa crop. The plant doesn't require an enormous region for first endeavors development. This has impacted my choice to present Quinoa in Hermiston re gion and measure its pace of reception inside the system of the well known hypothesis of Diffusion presented by famous humanist E, Rogers. The hypothesis intends to the procedures through which an advancement is spread through and embraced by a specific network. The hypothesis of Innovation expresses that the pace of selection is guided by a few factors. These factors incorporate apparent traits of advancement, methods for correspondence or correspondence channels, kind of development choice, nature of social framework and degree of limited time endeavors. The pace of reception legitimately relies upon every one of these factors (Rogers, 2003). Pace of reception is additionally reliant on another factor known as similarity. As per Rogers (2003), similarity is the proportion of the degree up to which a specific development is predictable with the qualities, past encounters and potential.

How to Write a Research Paper Outline (2 easy approaches)

How to Write a Research Paper Outline (2 easy approaches) There are many types of research papers.   In this article we’ll discuss two basic approaches.   The first is the general research paper outline.   It consists of the standard introduction, body, and conclusion.   The second is the more rigorous research paper outline.   It breaks down how a longer research paper should look—such as a thesis or dissertation with chapters and headings. Research Paper Format Approach #1:   The General Outline The general research paper outline consists of an introduction with a thesis statement, the body of the paper, and a conclusion with a recap of your main points. The introduction should not be any longer than 200-250 words.   It should provide some background information as well as the purpose of your paper.   Be sure to give an idea of how you will make your points or what sources your information is based on. The body should consist of at least 3 paragraphs.   Each paragraph should focus on making one point to help support your thesis.   Use transition words and phrases to link the paragraphs together and help your paper move from one idea to the next. The conclusion should be a succinct summary of your paper and the main idea.   You can restate the thesis is new words and also provide a rundown of your main points.   It’s also an opportunity to leave your audience with a final thought.   You should not introduce any new ideas or arguments in your conclusion. A basic outline would look like this: I.   INTRODUCTION a.   Use a hook (an interesting fact or idea) or a good question to grab the reader’s attention. b.   Give some background on the topic you have researched. c.   Tell the reader what your paper will do/show—this is your thesis. i.   Include some info on what sources you use. ii.   Also give an idea of the process that your paper will take. II.   BODY a.   Use at least 3 paragraphs to support your thesis (main idea). b.   Each paragraph should focus on one unique point or idea in support of the paper’s overall purpose. c.   Use transitions to link one paragraph to the next. III.   CONCLUSION a.   Restate the thesis in new words. b.   Recap the findings of the research paper. Approach #2:   The Longer Research Paper A longer research paper, such as a dissertation, will typically have chapters that cover a lot more ground on specific subjects within the report.   Dissertations can be dozens of pages long.   For quantitative research (such as in the natural or physical sciences), the following format is quite regular and is typically based on addressing some gap in literature.   For qualitative research, the papers are less dependent upon existent literature and more focused on theoretical approaches.   The following outline is best suited for quantitative or mixed-methods research, though it can also be applied to qualitative research papers as well. There are commonly 5 parts or chapters to the long research paper or dissertation.   Not every paper will be for the same discipline, so the way in which they are set up will vary.   However, typically, there are chapters for each of the following areas:   1) Introduction, 2) Literature Review, 3) Methodology, 4) Findings, and 5) Discussion.   If you locate a scholarly article from an online database, it usually follows this same format—so you can have a look for yourself.   An abstract is also commonly included and so is a reference page where all the sources used are listed.   There are often as many sources used as there are pages and sometimes more! Let’s break it down and have a closer look at the research paper format for the longer report. I.   TITLE PAGE II.   ABSTRACT III.   INTRODUCTION IV.   LITERATURE REVIEW V.   METHODOLOGY VI.   FINDINGS VII.   DISCUSSION We’ll look at each one individually and explain how they all work step by step. Title Page The title page comes first and it will be set up according to APA, MLA, Chicago or Harvard methods.   (These are the most common styles but there are others, such as Bluebook—be sure to check with your professor to see which style you should use if you’re uncertain). The title page will be a standalone page that provides information about the author of the work (you) as well as the school and class for which it is written.   The proper format for this can be obtained Purdue OWL—see some of their examples here. Abstract The abstract is a brief synopsis of the paper that follows.   It should explain what the subject is, what the thesis is, which methodology is used, what the findings are, and what conclusions are drawn.   The average abstract is about 150-200 words long. Introduction The introduction chapter should set the stage.   In it you will want to include several items, each with their own subheading such as: Background (give info that sets up the nature of the study) Problem Statement (identify the problem or gap in literature that needs to be addressed) Purpose Statement (state the purpose of your paper) Hypothesis (if there is one) Theoretical Framework (what theory are you using to approach the subject for analysis) Limitations (what are the limitations of your study) Chapter Breakdown (how will the research paper proceed—identify what is to come in each successive chapter) Literature Review For a quantitative study, the literature review is one of the most important parts.   Your research will be guided by it and your study will attempt to fill some gap in the literature—some problem that has not yet been addressed.   If you’re conducting a qualitative study, the literature review will serve more of a background filling-out purpose.   It will help explain your theoretical approach.   You’ll want to use as many scholarly sources as you can find to make your literature review extra rich and meaningful. Methodology The methodology section should be used to explain the exact method used to collect data for the research paper.   If the study is a meta-analysis of literature, for example, you would explain how you selected the literature reviewed for the paper—what keywords you used, how you filtered articles out, what you assessed them for, and so on.   If you are surveying subjects, you would describe how you found your participants, what your survey consisted of, and how you analyzed the findings. Findings The chapter on findings is where you tell what you found when you analyzed the data you obtained in your research.   You do not give any opinions or present any conclusions in this chapter.   Here you simply say what was revealed when you looked at the information you retrieved.   The next chapter is where you would discuss what the findings mean. Discussion In this chapter you would talk about the meaning of the results from the previous chapter.   Here is where you offer up opinions or conclusions regarding the findings.   You can discuss how they compare with your hypothesis or attempt to explain them in the light of your theoretical framework.   You can also offer recommendations for future research based on the findings and the conclusions you draw from them. Research Paper Outline Examples Example 1 Approach #1:   The General Outline Topic:   The Anti-Federalist Perspective I.   Introduction a.   In 1787, Americans had to decide whether they wanted a central government or a loose federation of states, with each state its own government. b.   The Federalists argued for a central government. c.   The Anti-Federalists argued for state governments. d.   This paper will examine the history of America in the 200+ years that have passed in order to assess which side of the debate has been proven correct. II.   Body a.   The Federalists argued that states would fight among themselves and get the Union entangled in foreign wars without a strong central government to keep watch over them. i.   This has obviously not come true. ii.   Just the opposite has happened: the central government has had the Union entangled in foreign wars almost non-stop for at least the past century. b.   The Federalists mainly consisted of big business types who argued that the Constitution should be ratified to help regulate society, politics and the economy i.   The Constitution essentially served as a means of handcuffing local authority, small business, and rural farmers. ii.   The keys to government were handed over to the Federal Reserve in 1913: they were given the power to print the nation’s currency and lend it to the government at interest. c.   Needless to say, the Federalists favored central banks. i.   Central banks have been the main catalysts for economic crises unlike anything ever seen. ii.   Today’s zombie economy is a direct result of central bank intervention and unconventional monetary policy. iii.   The Anti-Federalists opposed central banks and believed states should be stewards of their own coin and able spend money as they saw fit. III.   Conclusion a.   Today’s problems are the direct result of Federalist ideas. b.   The Anti-Federalists were correct to warn Americans about what would happen should the Federalists gain power. What they have predicted has come true. Example 2 Approach #2:   The Longer Research Paper Outline (for a Dissertation) Topic:   Is social media a good tool for business? I.   Introduction a.   Problem Statement: Social media is a revolutionary new Internet tool that allows people to connect and share information instantaneously.   There is little research available, however, on whether it can be used to support business aims. b.   Purpose Statement: This paper will use the survey method to obtain data for business managers about their social media usage. c.   Hypothesis: It is hypothesized that most business managers will use social media but that the advantage of doing so is not very well documented. d.   Limitations: This study is limited in terms of time and scope.   It was only able to interview six business managers, which is not a significant sample size. e.   Chapter Breakdown: The following chapters include a literature review, a methodology section, a chapter on findings, and a conclusion in which the findings are discussed and recommendations made. II.   Literature Review a.   Studies that discuss business use of social media will be reviewed and discussed in this chapter. III.   Methodology a.   The survey method used will be described. b.   How participants were chosen will also be discussed. c.   The survey questions will mentioned and included in the Appendix. d.   How the survey questions will be analyzed should be described as well. IV.   Findings a.   Findings from the survey should be described here. b.   Tables and graphs can be included to help the reader visualize the data. c.   Any measurements described in your methodology (such as correlation) should also be included. V.   Discussion a.   What do the findings mean? b.   Provide an explanation of why the results show what they did. c.   Offer recommendations for future research—how researchers can build on your study. Conclusion When writing a research paper outline there are a few things to keep in mind: Use your introduction wisely. Whether you are writing a longer research paper or a shorter one, the introduction is where you provide some background on the subject you will be writing about.   Let the reader know up front what your position is, how you will make your points, and where your paper is heading. Load up on resources. The more references you have to show support for your point, the better your research paper will be. Use the body of your outline to go into the particulars of your research subject. Use one paragraph per topic in a shorter research paper, or one chapter per area for a longer research paper. Go over the main points again in your conclusion or discussion section. Offer recommendations for further research if there is space in your paper to do so. Provide an abstract—a brief synopsis of your research—in roughly 200 words (half a page). This is a must for longer research papers but not always needed for shorter papers. Always follow the rubrics you are given by your professor! Your outline is like a road map, so use it as a reference for when you go to write your paper! View a research paper example to see a full completed version and to use as a guideline Helpful Hints and Reminders: Always construct an outline before you begin writing. Produce an outline that is comparable to the scale of your paper. Revise your outline as needed; if you do more research, let it reflect in your revision. Be mindful of your sources when drafting your outline: plug them in where needed and be sure to cite them when finished! If you need further assistance on how to write a research paper, check out this article.

Securitisation Techniques In Financial Markets Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Introduction Securitisation is a structured finance technique that allows for credit to be provided directly to market processes rather than through financial intermediaries. Securitisation describes the process and the result of converting regular and classifiable cash flows from a diversified pool of illiquid existing or future assets of similar type, size and risk category into tradable, debt and equity obligations (liquidity transformation and asset diversification process). Securitisation was first started in United States after the housing market collapsed in early 1930s. There are three government sponsored agencies which are involved in creation of mortgage back securities, known as Ginnie Mae (GNMA) Fannie Mae (FNMA) and Freddie Mac (FHLMC) (A.Saunders, M. Cornett, 2008 p.815) In simple securitisation is a process where pool of illiquid assets such as long term loans, mortgages, and other illiquid assets are transferred into liquid assets by selling them to outside investors. Securitisation has become very popular with the banks worldwide as it helps the financial institutes to write off the illiquid assets of their balance sheet, helps to reduce the taxes, frees the capital for further investments, and reduces risk. Different researchers have given different definitions to securitisation, (Y. Altunbas, et.al) defines Securitisation as the process whereby individual bank loans and other financial assets are bundled together into tradable securities, which are sold onto secondary market. The other definition given by (C. Cardone-Riportella, et.al ) is Securitisation is a financial technique that allows a batch of illiquid assets to be transformed into a liquid tradable instrument with a known flow of income payments. Whereas (S. Saunderson, 1997 p.359) defines securitisation as a framework in which some illiquid assets of a corporation or a financial institution are transformed into a package of securities backed by these assets, through careful packaging, credit enhancement, liquidity enhancement, and structuring. The other definition given by (Cox, 1990 p.2 and Kendall, 1996 p.1-2) securitisation is the process where pools of individual loans, receivables or debt instruments are packaged in the form of securities, the credit status or rating of the securities are enhanced and distributed to investors in simple we could explain securitisation as a mechanism of pooling of a group of loans and selling them to the investors in the secondary market. This paper aims to understand the process of securitisation, its advantages and disadvantages, and then we will look onto some cases on financial institutes which did failed for too much dependence on securitisation, Northern Rock Bank was one of the bank which collapsed in UK due to overdependence on Securitisation and short term funds. Until 2007 Securitisation was the most favourable process used by banks and different financial institutions but too much dependence on it lead many financial institutes to collapse. Process of Securitisation There are a number of participants in Securitisation process, firstly there is an Originator- which is usually a financial firm, or a bank, the assets of the originator such as mortgages, credit card receivables, automobile loans, etc are pooled together to securities for writing off those assets from the Originators Balance sheet. In second step there is an Issuer- often called as Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV). The SPV is a company or it can be another Bank which is specially set up for the purpose of securitisation. The SPV holds the securities, which are the sole owners of the securitised assets, the SPV issues the notes/bonds to the investors which are backed by the pool of assets, but before the notes/bonds been issued there are several other parties are involved during this process, such as the credit scoring companies, Trustees, Servicer. The rating agency advices the originator on assets, examines the credit quality of the pooled assets, and rates the assets to AAA, or AAB, etc. before the bonds been issued to investors. In some cases the underwriters are involved as well during this process. A servicer in many instances is an originator. The servicer is responsible to collect the interest/instalments on loans/mortgages deriving from the pooled assets and pays it to the Trustees. Servicer entitles for a fee for the timely collection of instalments. Trustees act on behalf of investors and looks onto the performance of the other parties involved in the process, reviews periodic information on the pooled assets and takes any legal action on defaults to protect the investors. The large purchasers of the securities are insurance companies and pension funds. These bonds issued are very much favourable to the investors as they are less risky compared to any other investments. These bonds are protected against the default risk. For e.g. a bond is issued by a mortgage backed security and the property price goes down or the buyer defaults then the bondholders w ould be at risk unless been insured by the external guarantor, or even if the originator went bankrupt then too the bonds are safe, as the bonds are insured and are low on credit risk. Originator (e.g. Bank creates mortgages on Balance Sheet) Sale proceeds (payments) Asset Pool SPV Class A Notes Investors (life insurance, pension funds) Note issue Class B Notes Class C Notes The above chart demonstrates the process of securitisation in simplest mode. As we can see the originator pools the assets and transfers them to a SPV and then the notes/bonds are sold in the secondary market. The sale proceeds are transferred to the originator and can be reused to create new mortgages. (A. Teesdale, 2003, A. Sayman) Case Study To simplify the process of securitisation, we can take one case study of a ABC commercial bank established in the European union. ABC bank is involved in retail and corporate banking sector, and also provides loans to housing consumer sector, special financial services, and investment fund management. The main business of bank is to provide housing finance. ABC bank intends to expand, for which it requires additional finance but banks liability consist of long term B rated debt which it intends to replace with less expensive process and even wants to free a part of regulatory capital. So it could expand in to BB-rated country. The bank could achieve this by two processes. We will look at the initial position of Bank Balance sheet ASSET 1000 Housing Loans 605 Securities 245 Cash at hand 30 Interbank Placement 120 LIABILITIES 1000 Retail Deposits 662 Interbank Deposit 68 BB rated Loans 225 Shareholders Equity 45 The Bank has two option on funding first by taking a collateralised Loan or by Securitisation. Bank wishes to raise Euro 200 million in both the cases. Collateralised Loan: In this the Bank takes a collateralised loan of Euro 200 million whose interest rate is 9.5% which is less expensive then the B rated Bonds. By doing this the Banks asset side of the Balance sheet remains unchanged. A new liability is shown on the Banks Balance sheet. The net interest income is improved as cost of funding is decreased. The bonds proceeds are replaces by a loan. But this process is not that favourable compared to securitisation. The other method which Bank could take is securitisation. In this process the Bank pools the low risk housing loans together and sells them to XYZ company which is a special purpose vehicle (SPV). The ABC Bank has set up a XYZ SPV to implement the securitisation transaction. To min imise the initial capital and tax burden the SPV is registered in Lichtenstein. The borrowers of the loan continue to pay the loan instalments to the originator i.e., ABC company and ABC company then passes them to the SPV. SPV issues either Bonds/ Notes and sells them to investors in the secondary market. The SPV pays the sale proceedings to the originator. So now the Banks Balance sheet has changed. ASSETS 1000 Housing Loans 405 Securities 245 Cash at hand 230 Interbank Placement 120 LIABILITIES 1000 Retail Deposits 662 Interbank Deposit 68 BB rated Loans 225 Shareholders Equity 45 The Balance sheet of XYZ Company appears as; ASSETS 201 Housing Loan 200 Cash 1 LIABILITIES 201 Securities 200 Equity 1 So from the above procedure we could see Securitisation procedure is favourable as it takes off the long term assets from its Balance sheet and makes quick availability of cash and transfers risk to other parties. There are many more advantages to securitisation which are given below. Advantages of Securitisation Securitisation is very much favourable to many of the financial institutes and is accepted worldwide. Banks securitise their assets to free the long term investments and reduce risks. Different researchers have given different advantages to Securitisation, (A. Jobst, 2006, H. Shin, 2008, D. Barnes, N. Warman, 2000, www.rbnz.govt.nz, www.rbidocs.rbi.org.in) like securities which are issued by securitisation have a good credit rating as they are backed by assets and are scored by credit rating agencies, so these securities get sold quickly in the secondary market. The cost of raising fund via securitisation is a cheaper mode then borrowing money on interest, or depending on deposits. The other benefit to the Banks is it helps to reduce or pass on risk to other parties, Banks face many different risks on the loans, such as interest rate risk that the interest rate will move on diverse side and it will affect the Banks profitability or make loss. Liquidity risk that the Bank wont have enough cash to pay its depositors. Credit risk that the borrower will default and wont be able to pay the debt. So securitisation is preferred by the Banks as it helps to reduce or pass on risk to other parties. Securitisation helps Bank to covert the illiquid assets in to liquid funds very quickly which could be reinvested and helps to raise the turnover of the assets on Banks Balance sheet. It also gives regulatory advantage. As per the rules set by Basel II pillar I minimum Capital requirement Banks do need to hold minimum Capital to risk weighted asset ratio. (www.bis.com) By securitisation process the assets are taken off the Banks Balance sheet which helps to reduce the minimum Capital holding requirement which in turn improves the leverage ratio and further improves the Return on Equity. The Income of the Financial Institutes is improved as the Banks charges onetime fee on loans it processes and by retaining the responsibility to service them the Banks income of loan charges are unaffected by any change in interest rates. It even builds up confidence for the Financial Institutes in the financial market. It helps Financial Institutes to diversify to loans portfolio beyond few companies, industries, or geographical location and can increase their sources of fees and interest income. It also helps to invest in to different lines of business and avoid single type of credit risk. Further easy available of funds help the Financial Institutes to compete and even benefits the borrowers to borrow at low rate of interest. Disadvantages of Securitisation Along with the advantages given above there are some disadvantages as well which are given by many researchers. Until 2007 securitisation was the very much acceptable and favourable process used by many Financial Institutes worldwide (H.Shin, 2009) says there are two pieces of received wisdom concerning securitisation one old and one new. The old role emphasise a positive role played by securitisation but the subsequent credit crises has somewhat tarnished the positive image. Easy and cheap available money has motivated the borrowers and companies to borrow and lend more than they should. Many researchers as, (H Shin, 2009. D. Rakesh have argued that the main reason for the subprime crisis was the securitisation, over dependence on it has nailed the fianacial system in many countries. Securitisation is a very complex process with many different parties involved in it such as SPV, credit rating agencies, underwriters, Trustees, etc. So it is difficult for Banks to ensure that all risks arising from securitisation are appropriately managed. The Securitisation process is expensive when the assets to be securitised are not large. The other disadvantage is that Banks would securities all their best assets, thereby lowering the overall quality of assets on Balance sheet, Since the better quality of assets are more likely to be suitable for securitisation. Securitisation Failure Until 2007 Securitisation was the most preferred process used by financial institutes for their growth, but after 2007 due to the credit crunch and too much dependence on securitisation lead the financial institutes to collapse, we could see this from the figures in Europe the total volume of securitised assets grew from 78.2 billion Euros in 2000 to 711.3 billion Euros in 2008, but later it dropped to 414.1 billion euros in 2009, due to freezing of credit market and loss of confidence on asset backed securities. From the current sub-prime crisis we have learned the lesson that even too much dependence on securitisation could even lead the companies to failure, so was the case with northern Rock bank in U.K. it was the first bank in U.K. which experienced a bank run and had to rush to Bank of England as a lender of last resort. Securitisation was the central part of the Northern Rocks overall business strategy (D. Llewellyn, 2008) The main business of Northern Rock was to lend mort gages, and to fund these mortgages it depended heavily on securitisation and short term funding. Northern Rock pooled it mortgages and sold them in the secondary market in form of Mortgage Back Securities (MBS). These MBS were purchased by banks around the world. Securitisation and Colateralized Debt Obligation (CDO) were the two major instruments of the financial market turmoil. Easy availability of funds via securitisation motivated the financial institutes to lend money to sub-prime buyers with low income, credit ratings, etc. (H.Shin, 2009) says As Balance sheet expands new borrowers must be still need to expand, then Banks have to lower their lending standard in order to lend to subprime borrower. The seed of the subsequent downturn in the credit cycle are thus sown. When the interest rates went high almost 80% of the borrowers defaulted which led many banks go bankrupt, further led property markets go down and affected the whole economy. This is when the credit market freezed up especially for asset backed securities, MBS, CDOs. As a result of this there was a loss of confidence on asset backed securities throughout the globe. Although Northern Rock was not exposed to US sub-prime mortgage it become caught up in all this because of its business model: securitisation as a central strategy and reliance on short term money market funding. (D. Llewellyn, 2008) Due to loss of confidence on ABS and freeze in capital made Northern Rock to suffer, as it could not securities its mortgage loan in the funding market and had to hold the assets on its balance sheet. Majority of the assets of Northern Rock were long term residential mortgages so had little scope to reduce the Balance sheet in a flexible way once the crisis struck (H. Shin, 2008) like northern rock there were many different companies worldwide which did collapsed due to overdependence on Securitisation. Conclusion The aim of this article was to indicate how Securitisation process works, what are the advantages and disadvantages of securitisation. A case study is presented to better understand the securitisation process. The example of Northern Rock failure is been highlighted in this article to understand that overdependence of securitisation could lead to failure. From the current sub-prime crisis Basel committee has made some efforts to improve the banking capital structure by increasing the percentage of minimum capital requirement. Besides the current financial crisis Securitisation will continue to play a significant role in future for banks to grow.

Music - 1020 Words

Music in my Life While walking today as I normally do, I turned around and your face came into my view. I could only imagine what was wrong with her. But at the end I understood what was wrong with her, it was music. This is what music does to people and I love it for that. Music makes people feel good inside so much that it might even hurt. Throughout my life, music has always been a major influence. It has the power to change my mood when I m feeling down. Music is a cure for when I’m down and a joy for my happiest days. It’s part of my life and can express my feelings when my own words are not enough. There’s a song to every feeling I feel and I’ve yet to find them all. I can t remember the exact day I started listening to music,†¦show more content†¦But, absolutely does music change everyone’s mood. When I go to the gym and my adrenaline pumping I listen to some fast hardcore music to keep me going when I’m running. Also when I’m trying t o think I listen to something soothing like Beethoven or some jazz. One important thing about music is that it connects people. I have found awesome friends thanks to music. I joined a music website where I found many great friends. There we can share our thoughts about music and life. What keeps me going throughout every day of my life is music. It does not matter whom I am with, music has always been especially important to me. Music has the strength that is so intensely embedded in the human soul. Listening to music and playing a musical instrument functions brain s parts which is not encouraged by anything other than that. I cannot think of a more strengthened medium than music for development and growth in kids. Music continues to be an encouragement all through my life, saying the way I felt at any particular time. It appears that all of the most crucial events which happened in my life tend to have a musical linkage that once I come across it, takes me back to theShow MoreRelatedMusic : Music And Music949 Words   |  4 Pagesdefinition of mu sic is very different to many people. Some say that music is the arrangement of sound and silence. Others like myself say music is that and much more. Music is an aural form of art that is used to express emotion and touch the hearts of the listener through the use of phrasing, dynamics, style and tone color. Music is a very universal art form. There are not many people in this world who do not listen to at least some form of music weather it be pop or rock music on the radio, orRead MoreThe Music Of Music And Music1518 Words   |  7 Pageswill be. For instance, in the music section of my Perceiving the Performing Arts class, our Professor made the class, consisting of musicians and non-musicians, sing the next chord that he was going to play and we all successfully did. Just like with language, in a simple sentence we can assume the next word. Like in this sentence â€Å"the piano is out of __,† we expect the next word to be â€Å"tune.† This is because there’s some kind of neural connection that we have between music and pleasure. So how doesRead MoreMusic And The Music Of Music1929 Words   |  8 Pagesbeen in both chorus and band, along with general music classes through fifth grade. Although, I did not have very much knowledge on music history or the many different music composers. My knowledge in music was mainly revolved around music theory and harmony. When the semester began I was not positive what was in store for me, however what I was sure about was two things. One, I would love whatever we learn for I have a deeply rooted love for music. And two, I would leave this class with an abundanceRead MoreThe Music Of Music902 Words   |  4 PagesMusic collections is one of the most important stage in multimedia content and the collections are very huge. A single iPod can hold as many as 10,000 songs, such collections are searched by title, composer and performer, which allows for basic storage retrieval of music. This system contains many features which include 1) Harmony 2) Rhythm 3) Instrumentation Access to this features supports in turn benefits individuals: 1. Tell me the song that goes. (query by example) 2. Could you increase theRead MoreMusic, Music And Music1293 Words   |  6 Pagessociety has evolved, but through music. It has been a vessel used to evince key emotions when words do not seem to be enough. The dulcet hum of the violin or even the sharp notes from an electric guitar are more than enough to express those intangible, yet impressionable feelings that cannot be fully appreciated through words. However, combine words and music together and the composer has a tool that can awaken a thousand souls all at once. Over the millenniums, music has had a profound ability toRead MoreMusic Influences On The Music1508 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Nowadays listening to music is a widespread phenomenon all over the world. People tend to listen to it on a daily basis wherever they are: in a public transport, gym, shop and etc. As well as bringing the relaxation effect, music can help to concentrate better while studying or working or even bring an inspiration. Moreover, according to scientists, our brain tends to react on our favourite music in the same way as it would react on some delicious food or a psychoactive drugRead MoreClassical Music And The Music1478 Words   |  6 Pagesattention of everyone in the music hall. The conductor, Evan Feldman, and the UNC Symphonic and Woodwind Orchestra at Memorial Hall elegantly performed several classical pieces that was widely enjoyed by classical enthusiasts and family members. The concert supplied the audience with a night that at times, brought calmness and serenity, but at others gave abrupt aggression and force. Today, classical music is considered traditional and one of the earliest forms of music played in concert halls. ThusRead MoreMusic And Dance And Music Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesThere is no denying that when decent music is playing people cannot help but get in the dancing mood. Studies show that people, even when still in the womb, react to music. This reaction just grows and grows as a person develops... â€Å"children between 1 and 2 years of age were made to listen to Credence Clearwater Revival’s â€Å"Heard it Through the Grapevine† [and] within a minute of listening to the insistent drums and guitar riffs, the babies started to move in synchronicity with the song (BrenshoflRead MoreThe Music Of The World Music Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pagesand society, therefore it cannot be performed. Artists perform their music. While musicians do not perform their race, since it is an inherent quality of all people, it is often, but not always, seen as inauthentic when musicians perform outside of their race, gender, or class. This is especially true when someone from a more privileged class performs the art of the lower class. While completely replicating a certain style of music can often be seen as inauthentic, certain artists can easily performRead MoreThe Music Of Music And Music1876 Words   |  8 Pagescaused Beethoven to become a genius in music performance and composition. Imagine if he wasn’t made to learn about m usic. Since he is one of the greatest influential composers in music, his knowledge wouldn’t have been passed down through the generations. Students shouldn’t be forced to learn about music like Beethoven was, but they can choose to love it on their own. They can only get this opportunity if music programs are added to part of their education. When music education classes are added to the

Facts About the Prehistoric Xilousuchus

Originally classified as a proterosuchid (and thus a close relative of the contemporary Proterosuchus) a recent analysis has located Xilousuchus much closer to the root of the archosaur family tree (the archosaurs were the family of early Triassic reptiles that gave rise to dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and crocodiles). The significance of Xilousuchus is that it dates to the very beginning of the Triassic period, about 250 million years ago, and it seems to have been one of the earliest crocodilian archosaurs, a hint that these ruling lizards split off into prehistoric crocodiles and the ancestors of the first dinosaurs (and thus of the first birds) much earlier than had previously been thought. By the way, the Asian Xilousuchus was closely related to another sailed archosaur of North America, Arizonasaurus. Why did the cat-sized Xilousuchus  have a sail on its back? The most likely explanation is sexual selection; perhaps Xilousuchus males with bigger sails were more attractive to females during mating season, or perhaps the sail fooled predators into thinking that Xilousuchus was bigger than it was, thus sparing it from being eaten. Given its small size, though, its very unlikely that the sail of Xilousuchus served any temperate-regulation function; thats a more likely hypothesis for 500-pound reptiles like Dimetrodon, which needed to heat up quickly during the day and dissipate excess heat at night. Whatever the case, the lack of any sailed crocodiles in the later fossil record hints that this structure wasnt crucial for the survival of this widespread family. Fast Facts About  Xilousuchus   Name:  Xilousuchus (Greek for Xilou crocodile); pronounced ZEE-loo-SOO-kussHabitat:  Swamps of eastern AsiaHistorical Period:  Early Triassic (250 million years ago)Size and Weight:  About three feet long and 5 to 10 poundsDiet:  Small animalsDistinguishing Characteristics:  Small size; sail on back

The Government Should Put Regulations On Junk Foods Essay

For those looking to get Americans to eat healthier and lose our reputation as being the most obese country in the world. Americans eat junk foods non-stop and in unhealthy copious amounts. American citizens should care about this as a whole because people are getting thicker and nothing is being done about it. People should especially be worried about this issue in big cities where lives are so busy that nobody seems to have time to sit down and have a decent meal, instead they turn to junk food. This is a quick growing problem that keeps getting worse and worse because lives just get busier, junk food is becoming cheaper, and eating healthy or decent food is turning out to be more expensive that most people care to pay for. The government should put regulations on junk foods because they can cause a wide array of issues including: weight gain, diabetes, obesity, heart disease, and lethargy. Junk food can be the cause of weight gain. Without thinking twice about it, Americans will pick up junk food and stuff it in their mouthes. BY doing this they are not being concerned for their own health. Doing this over and over again causes us to gain weight, which seems to be happening more and more often. Junk food is available everywhere and it is not very filling, therefore leading us to eat more and more of it even though it has an insane amount of calories. Gaining weight by junk food is not the proper way to gain weight if need be, there are healthier ways to do so. The averageShow MoreRelatedIn Addition To Maintaining Consumer Choice, There Are Numerous1208 Words   |  5 Pagesconsumer choice, there are numerous reasons as to why the government should regulate of junk food. The first reason for government involvement is because the government can work to effectively target the advertising and over-marketing of junk foods. 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The Government makes a huge amount of profit from people buying junk food for themselves and for their kids. Some people know how to control how much they eat and exercise to stay away from obesity. It is in the people’s control of what they can and cannot eat not the governments. The Government should release the junk food ban on school districts because, schools aren’t making moneyRead MoreJunk Food Lurking In Schools: Can It Be Stopped? Essay1137 Words   |  5 Pagescafeterias. In 2005, John Esterbrook, a writer for CBS News, reported on a government survey showing that junk foods are in competition with healthy counterparts in nine out of ten schools (par. 1). Today, although four years later, little improvement has been made to ensure students in schools are eating healthy. Why is this a problem? You may want to think that there is a simple, clear-cut line between junk food and healthy food, but as schools work to keep costs down, many corners are cut and itRead MoreJunk Food Should Be Taxed At A High Price856 Words   |  4 Pagestaxes on junk food to regulate the amount of junk food individuals buy. Many individuals believe that junk food should be taxed at a high price and that healthy foods should be cheaper. The selections, â€Å"Evolution’s Sweet Tooth† by Daniel E. Lieberman and â€Å"Bad Food? Tax It, and Subsidize Vegetables† by Mark Bittman, discuss the fact that many adults consume large amounts of unhealthy food products and that adults should eat more of healthy foods. The article, â€Å"Addiction to Unhealthy Foods Shouldn’tRead MoreJunk Food in Schools1480 Words   |  6 Pages TAL 201 May 6, 2013 Current Issues Paper Junk Food In Schools Introduction Although not easy to admit, it is a fact that a big percentage of the world’s population today likes junk food. 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Moss’s po int is that the rates of childhood obesity has increased tremendouslyRead MoreAmerica s Current Economic State People Look For One Thing1311 Words   |  6 Pagesmeans. There has been an increased popularity in fast food and convenience store establishments that provide quick and energizing products. It is the cheap and convenient way to purchase these foods that is slowly hindering the health of our country. The reason behind the low prices of such unhealthy options provided by fast food restaurants and convenience stores is attributed to the subsidizing of producers of companies making the junk food. These companies have contributed to the increase of healthRead MoreJunk Food872 Words   |  4 PagesJunk food has been getting a bad rap recently in society. It is believed that junk food is a leading factor in childhood obesity and should not be allowed in public schools. Due to this many school systems have enacted bans, or strict regulations that limit or completely exclude junk food in schools. Junk food should not be banned in schools because schools profit and are able to fund education and extracurricular activities through selling it, junk food isn’t as harmful as one would think, and evenRead MoreEffects Of Food Advertisements On The Health Of Children1303 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of Food Advertisements on the Health of Children Unhealthy food advertisements are causing obesity and health problems for children. Influential advertisements that are constantly shown to children while they watch TV, motivate them to make poor food choices. Children start to believe that unhealthy and non ­nutritious foods often referred to as â€Å"junk food† are what they should consume. Young children are not aware of what consists a healthy diet and they over ­consume the unhealthy junk foods

Essay about Analysis of Jack Londons quot;To Build a...

In Jack Londons To Build a Fire we see a classic story of man against nature. In this story, however, nature wins. One reason that this is such a compelling and engrossing story is the vivid descriptions of the environment the nameless main character endures. Plot and characterization are brief, and the theme is simple. Yet this story is still a very popular story, and it has a mysterious quality that makes it great. Jack London starts early in the story to set a foreboding feeling: Day had broken cold and gray, exceedingly cold and gray, when the man turned aside from the main Yukon trail and climbed the high earth-bank, where a dim and little traveled trail led eastward through the fat spruce timberland. (London) It is this†¦show more content†¦(London) Another great aspect of Londons story is its similarities to a Greek tragedy. Our hero is the man striving against the antagonist, nature. His tragic flaw, pride, ultimately leads to his defeat and death. citeHere, as throughout the story, the narrator functions as the chorus, who mediates between the action and the reader and who provides a moral commentary upon the action. The setting, a mask of scornful gods, functions as antagonist. Aside from these, the only other character is the dog, who acts as foil or reflector by displaying the humility and natural wisdom which the man fatally lacks. (Labor) /cite The power of this story doesnt come purely from its similarities to Greek tragedy, this is merely the way we can identify its power. Greek tragedies are not powerful simply because of what they are; they are powerful because they have all the elements that make humans vulnerable to their own flaws. At the end of the story the man panics, then realizes the hopelessness of his situation. With this realization comes a calm composure: his idea of it was that he had been making a fool of himself, running around like a chicken with its head cut off... Well, he was bound to freeze anyway, and he might as well take it decently. (London) This catharsis that comesShow MoreRelated Raymond Carvers Cathedral Essay6977 Words   |  28 Pages In quot;The Compartment,quot; one of Raymond Carvers bleakest stories, a man passes through the French countryside in a train, en route to a rendevous with a son he has not seen for many years. quot;Now and then,quot; the narrator says of the man, quot;Meyers saw a farmhouse and its outbuildings, everything surrounded by a wall. He thought this might be a good way to live-in an old house surrounded by a wallquot; (Cathedral 48). Due to a last minute change of heart, however, Meyers chooses

Marketing Strategy Grand Victorian Hotel

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Strategyfor Grand Victorian Hotel. Answer: Introduction: Any organization that aims to achieve successive growth and long-term sustenance in future, must consider the importance of chalking out an innovative marketing strategy that helps it to distinguish itself from the rival giants of the industry. This report evaluates and critically analyzes the admirable marketing strategy, as adopted by the retail giant Woolworths (Australia), and the grand Victorian hotel of Australia, Regatta Hotel. Both the organizations had succeeded in bringing about innovation that has improved the consumer perception of the brand, and this report will discuss and explain the effectiveness of the marketing strategies adopted by each of the two companies. Description: The marketing strategy of an organization is the implementation of its plans that helps it gain a competitive advantage over the other organization, by promoting a consumer-centric marketing plan. In order to neutralize its competitors, Woolworths has not only improved the core offer, but has also considered innovating the quality of service provided to the consumers. Just like any of its competitors, such as Coles, Woolworths definitely lowered its price, offered ample discounts to the loyal consumer base, but most importantly it has launched virtual stores, in order to facilitate convenient mobile shopping, for the consumers. On the other hand, the Regatta Hotel, as an organization operating in the hospitality industry, was always required to gain the confidence and goodwill of the travelers. Keeping this in consideration, the organization established a strong and effective Website Management System. Although the organization has gained a huge recognition, among the Australians as well as the international visitors, the organization had to ensure, that it does not lag behind, in promotion, as compared to the Hotel Grand Chancellor Brisbane, Hilton Brisbane or ibis Brisbane. As a result of a strong and well-maintained WMS, each employee of the organization is well-aware of the IT skills, necessary for handling the website. The moment any event or social program, is being organized by the hotel, any employee can update the website, informing he consumers about the same. Hence, the marketing and the promotional aspect of the website, can easily be maintained, and looked after by any employee (Chamberlain 201 4). As the Forbes magazine suggests, the web design of an organization is a new, innovative strategy that drives the growth of the organization, and enhances its popularity and recognition among the masses. It should be noted that Site-Ezy system has enabled the organization establish interactive and consumer-friendly sites, that helps the organization engage actively in the promotional and marketing processes (Ajake 2015). Marketing Strategy: Critical Discussion of the Marketing Strategy of Woolworths: The ulterior motive behind the marketing strategy of any organization is to influence the consumers, to avail the service of that organization, by creating a distinguished identity. Woolworths was well aware, that it does encounter a tough competition from some of the most recognized supermarkets of Australia, and hence it decided to disrupt the existent marketing process, followed by every supermarket. Woolworths established its virtual stores in Sydney Town Hall Station and Flinders Street Station, as a result of which the consumers, sitting in any location, could easily gain access to the products and services of the organization (Rajeck 2015). The importance and effectiveness of the strategy, simply lies in the fact that the organization has succeeded in creating a distinguished identity of itself, that seeks to show the very reason, as to why, the consumers should buy the products from Woolworths, instead of other organizations. By launching the virtual stores, the organization has succeeded in capitalizing the customer needs for cost effective and convenient marketing solutions. The Director of Woolworths, Tjeerd Jagen, said that the disruptive innovation was an integral part of the marketing strategy, adopted by the organization. Jagen has rightly claimed that the organization expects that the impact made by this innovative move will be far-reaching and largely beneficial for the future growth of the organization. Brad Banducci, the Director of Woolworths, has claimed that since the other supermarkets of Australia, were also offering the very same goods and similar services, as offered at Woolworths, it was important for the organization to bring about a revolutionary change in the shopping experience of the consumers. Hence, a consumer-centric approach has been taken up by the company. Critical Discussion of the Marketing Strategy of Regatta Hotel: Regatta Hotel, on the other hand, drafted an impressive marketing strategy, whereby it also emphasizes the customer-centric approach, in a different way. The organization operates in the service industry, and hence it becomes imperative for it, to enable the consumers derive a high rate of satisfaction from their service. This is the reason why the organization had decided to make its online presence stronger than before (Ladhari and Michaud 2015). The organization was well aware that the rival giants operating in the same industry, were also employing the use of social media tools, and hence making its virtual presence strong and interesting was a compulsion, if it intends to survive. The digital marketing strategy was indeed an innovative step, formulated and successfully implemented by the company (Issakova 2015). The organization focused on the importance of re-designing its old website, so that the consumers can gain access to the clear and well-written instructions, in an easie r way, or can navigate across the important pages or information. Further, the strategy also ensures high quality of the visual content offered and a responsive website design. In order to enjoy the return on the investment, the management authority of the Regatta Hotel has successfully designed the website in a way that can turn each website visitor into a lead, and finally a sale. Analysis: Analysis of Woolworths Marketing Strategy: The competition is continually heating up in the supermarket industry of Australia, with retail giants such as Coles and Aldi, offering a tough competition to Woolworths. Hence, the establishment of the virtual stores in Australia was nothing short of a disruptive innovator that undoubtedly helped the organization gain competitive advantage over the rival firms. The organization, however, had always introduced interesting marketing strategies, by lowering the price of the products, offering lucrative discounts to the consumers, rewarding and recognizing the loyal consumers, offering a wider range of products (Armstrong et al. 2014). However, the self same strategies were becoming commonplace, and hence it became imperative for the organization to select a strategy, that would enable it to invest in the multi-channel consumer experience (Trollvik 2012). Undoubtedly, the implementation of the virtual store did imply a huge investment, as it implied fresh recruitment as well as provisio n of IT skills to the existent employees. However, his has helped the organization focus on the consumer needs. The management authority had stated that the success of any marketing strategy largely depends on the extent the strategy is consumer-centric. In case of Woolworths virtual shopping strategy, the emphasis is being given on the consideration of the convenience and comfort of the consumers, so that they can gain access to the services, without worrying about visiting the organization in person. The mere installation of the App enables the working consumers buy the wide range of products. Besides, it has also influenced their purchasing behavior, as the consumers tend to order and buy more, as the products they want, are only a click away. Thus, the virtual shopping strategy of Woolworths has proved itself to be an immediate success that is likely to boost the sale and profitability of the company, in the coming years (Perrone et al. 2015). Analysis of Regatta Hotels Marketing Strategy: The Regatta Hotel, on the other hand, has considered the importance of attracting the attention of the consumers, by offering the exact information to the consumers, and allowing them to have a nice experience, while searching about the necessary information about the services offered. The creation and re-design of the existent websites, offers the organization greater recognition among the masses, making its content appealing to the potential clients and customers. The new website divides and categorizes the information of the consumers into clear sections, such as the membership section or the newsletter section (Nevarez and Hyman 2012). Consequently, the organization is able to increase the traffic of the consumers, and retain the clients, as they can gain access to the relevant information (Abdullah et al. 2015). The information such as the nature and kinds of services, and the expenses involved, are provided in a detailed way. As a result of the Site-Ezy features, any employee w orking in the organization, can easily insert pictures, graphs, tables or create important forms and download the same, that helps the entire process much smoother nad effective for implementation (Wang et al. 2015). Conclusion: An organization, in order to maximize its profit, must ensure that it adopts a strategy that helps in improving the recognition of the company, while also boosting its sales. As it is evident from the case studies, both Woolworths as well as Regatta Hotel, have successfully implemented an effective strategy that has influenced the consumer purchasing decision, by helping the companies differentiate themselves from the rival giants. However, with the advent of technology, both the organizations has sought the help of technological tool, that has helped them innovate their marketing strategy, and gain competitive advantage. Reference List: Abdullah, N.H., Patterson, I., Pegg, S. and Abdullah, N.H., 2015. Organisers and Residents Views about the Benefits and Costs: The Case of Monsoon Cup International Sailing Regatta, Australia.International Journal of Sport Management, Recreation and Tourism,17(d), pp.46-66. Ajake, A.O., 2015. Influence of Marketing Strategies on Tourists Choice of Destination Area in Cross River State, Nigeria.American Journal of Tourism Management,4(3), pp.61-76. Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. and Kotler, P., 2014.Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia Chamberlain, L., 2014. The'Regatta Hotel': A story of triumph over adversity.Queensland History Journal,22(5), p.387. Issakova, A., 2015.Marketing Mix of the Hotel(Doctoral dissertation, Vysok kola hotelov v Praze). Ladhari, R. and Michaud, M., 2015. eWOM effects on hotel booking intentions, attitudes, trust, and website perceptions.International Journal of Hospitality Management,46, pp.36-45. Luna-Nevarez, C. and Hyman, M.R., 2012. Common practices in destination website design.Journal of destination marketing management,1(1), pp.94-106. Perrone, A. and Wodonga, T.A.F.E., 2015. Centralian College: Creating a strategic marketing plan for long-term growth.Marketing, p.85. Rajeck, J. 2015. How Australia's Woolworths delivers the goods on social. 1st ed. [ebook] Sydney. Available at: https://econsultancy.com/blog/66990-how-australia-s-woolworths-delivers-the-goods-on-social/ [Accessed 2 Dec. 2016]. Trollvik, B.E., 2012. Utilizing Distributed Multimedia Plays for Networked Virtual Shopping. Wang, L., Law, R., Guillet, B.D., Hung, K. and Fong, D.K.C., 2015. Impact of hotel website quality on online booking intentions: eTrust as a mediator.International Journal of Hospitality Management,47, pp.108-115.

Witness Statement And Critique A chartered Beechcraft †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Witness Statement And Critique. Answer: A chartered Beechcraft 200 Super King crashed on 28th July at around 10.00 am near Burketown, Queensland, which took flight from Perth. Investigators rushed to the scene to collect evidences that would help in the investigation process. Several witness reports were taken. One of such statements has been given below: Frank Miller states: On the morning of today, 28 July 2017, I was at my home, getting prepared to go to work. I am employed as the manager of a local hardware shop and today I was supposed to reach the store at 10:30 am, when the shop opens normally. It takes me around 15 minutes to reach the store from my home by car. I was taking the car out from the garage at about 10.00 am when I casually looked up at the sky, saw the chartered plane, and instantly struck me that something was not right. The plane seemed to be descending at an alarming speed and was nowhere near the height where it should have been. I was genuinely panic-stricken and was horrified at 6the thought of what was about to happen. My neighbors, Mr. and Mrs. Kane had also noticed the plane, following my gaze and they were standing on their front porch. Some pedestrians and commuters on the road stopped and started following the flight. Everyone was screaming and gasping or expressing their concerns. The plane flew over my home and crash landed on the open fields some 2 kilometers from our backyard. The sound that emanated from the crash was thunderous and the explosion that followed temporarily blinded us all. Everyone around were so perplexed from witness the incident that they could not move at all. After half a minute or so, almost everybody started to run together towards the crash site. My car was already out of the garage, so I took my car and reached the site before everyone else. Upon reaching the site, I believe it was 10.07 am, I saw that the whole plane was reduced to rubbles and all of its parts were scattered across the open and the bulk of the body had caught fire. When the others caught up with me, we were not sure what to do. Some of the people called the local fire department and the police station, which were already on their way. We tried to get as close to the plane as we could, despite the fire, but it did not seem likely for anyone to be able to survive a crash like that. The fire department took around 5 more minutes to reach the place and at around 10.15 am they could start the process to get the fire under control. The locals have all stayed near the site and I have taken a day off myself to assist the officials with anything that they might require. The whole day it has been full of anxiety and the shock is not yet recovered from. However, we still hope that after the removal of the debris and the pilling rubble, at least one person would be found to be alive, which would be more than anyone could ever ask for right now. Critique of the statement made by Frank Miller: Evidences have been collected by the investigation teams at an earliest. The investigating officers took a number of interviews and the statements of the local witnesses to get an insight about the nature of the plane for last few minutes, to better understand any technical problems that might have occurred. (Sirsikar and Chandankhede 2014; Fraher 2014) However, the air control systems of Perth announced that, the pilot of the chartered flight was not responding well during the last 10 minutes of maintained communication and even his reactions had seemed to become sluggish. Mr. Millers statement seems to indicate that the flight was off-balance and maybe the pilot was trying to level out the two sides of the plane (Byard, and Payne-James 2015). It also seems that maybe the left engine was dying out, or already dead. Plane experts believe that it is immensely rare for a small chartered plane like this to not have balance: which leads to the assumption that it was a technical glitch that caused the accident (Strauch 2015; Strauch 2017). Moreover, Millers statements also indicate that the flight was airborne for quite some time before hitting the ground and he did not notice any leakages on the fuel tank of the plane. The forensics team has been tireless gathering evidences from the crash site which match this statement. Mr. Miller was the first at the crash site, that makes his statements the most important and he has been able to give a detailed description of the surrounding things which would be greatly helpful for the investigation (O'Neil and Kriz 2013). References Sirsikar, N.P. and Chandankhede, P.H., 2014. Design of ARM based enhanced event data recorder evidence collecting system.IOSR-JECE,9, pp.2278-2234. O'Neil, P.D. and Kriz, K.A., 2013. Do High?Reliability Systems Have Lower Error Rates? Evidence from Commercial Aircraft Accidents.Public Administration Review,73(4), pp.601-612. Fraher, A.L., 2014.The Next Crash: How Short-Term Profit Seeking Trumps Airline Safety. Cornell University Press. Strauch, B., 2017.Investigating human error: Incidents, accidents, and complex systems. CRC Press. Strauch, B., 2015. Can we examine safety culture in accident investigations, or should we?.Safety Science,77, pp.102-111. Byard, R. and Payne-James, J., 2015.Encyclopedia of forensic and legal medicine. Academic Press.

The current policies of land use in Australia

Land is a very important asset that must be planned for effectively in order to ensure that it gives maximum output while remaining sustainable. According to Koomen and Beurden (2011, p. 73), land is an asset which is scarce and very fragile, making it necessary to develop mechanisms of using it in a wise manner.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The current policies of land use in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it is of great concern that the society has not come to appreciate the importance of land as a scarce and a fragile asset that needs protection in order to ensure that there is sustainability. National planners in various countries have perfected the art of developing policies on how various resources can be used sustainably in order to ensure that they can still be used in future. However, they have failed to come up with measures that would ensure that land is protected from any possi ble destruction that may make it unproductive in future (Gaffikin Morrissey 2011, p. 70). Strategic changes being experienced in the modern society are presenting new practical dilemmas that hinder successful achievement of spatial land use planning outcomes. This research will focus on the current policies of land use in Australia and the prevailing conflict between public input, community interests, and effective outcomes. Australia is one of the leading economies in the world. It has one of the largest per capita income in this region, with its Human Development Index considered the second best in the world. The government of Australia has been keen to develop land policies that would protect the interest all the stakeholders. There has been need to reconcile the conflict between public input and community interests through proper strategic spatial land use planning. It is important that the interest of the investors, public, and the national government in land use be protected in order to ensure that the three sectors work in harmony to promote development of the country’s economy (Chapin 2007, p. 40). The government has made an effort to ensure that there is a clear plan on how land in this country should be used, and how different stakeholders should relate on issues concerning land.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The economy of Australia has been expanding very rapidly over the past years. Urban centers are developing at a very high rate. This is caused by the preference of people to stay in urban centers than in the rural settings. The City of Melbourne has experienced a massive increase in population over the past two decades. The Victorian State Government has been concerned of the best way land can be used to benefit all the stakeholders within the city (Jha Singh 2008, p. 67). The Australian Collaborative Land Use Mapping Program was developed by the national government to help in land planning, especially in cities that are experiencing huge growth over the past few years. The East-West Link Project is part of the vision by Melbourne City planners to help manage the limited land within the city. According to Scholl (2012, p. 67), spatial planning goes beyond land planning. It entails protection of the welfare of the members of the society by ensuring that they have access to land and all its resources that can make them lead decent lives. According to Kawakami (2013, p. 45) the government of Australia has made efforts to ensure that land, especially in the major cities such as Melbourne, is not only used to give maximum output, but also remain sustainable for the future generation. The planned construction of the East West Link road is intended to link Western Ring Road and Eastern Freeway. This government project is intending to decongest the city by creating an alternative route that can be used by motori sts connecting between the two highways. However, such massive government contracts always come with conflicts on how stakeholders should be involved, and how such projects may affect other players (Albrechts 2006, p. 1150). The outcome of this project is intended to help all the stakeholders within this city by reducing its population. However, this raised some conflict between public input and community interests. According to Barker (2006, p. 67), land as an asset is scarce and very fragile. Land cannot be replaced once destroyed. For this reason, the current generation has a responsibility to the future generation by ensuring that land is used sustainably. However, the current strategic spatial land use planning approach taken by the government over this project has been criticized as not being sustainable. For instance, the local community has complained of the consequences associated with building this road. One of the main complains that have been raised by the local council politicians is the possible loss of large parts of the Royal Park.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The current policies of land use in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This park has been considered as one of the most important recreational facility within this community. This road will have to go through this park, and this will affect its sustainability. Some of these politicians have argued that the Victorian State Government should have considered construction of metro railway lines instead, because the possibility of this project destroying the park is very high. The local community feels that the benefit of the new road is far much less as compared to the negative consequences it shall have on their livelihood (Potschin Haines-Young 2011, p. 91). This means that all the stakeholders must be involved to ensure that this public input does not have adverse effect on the interest of the community. Th is project has to continue because the need to implement it has been identified, and funds needed have already been set aside. However, the stakeholders must find a way of addressing the issues raised in order to ensure that the interest of the local community is protected. According to Scholl (2012, p. 80), it is important to involve the local community in any project that involves land use in order to eliminate any form of resistance. Some of the members of this community will have to shelve part of their land to be used in this project. The Royal Park is also under threat when this road is constructed through it. This public input must take into consideration the interest of the local community. The issues raised about the park must be considered because strategic spatial land use planning involves ensuring that there is sustainability in land use. This means that the outcome of this project must be based on sustainability of land for the current and future generation. The Victor ian State Government must ensure that when this project commences, all the issues raised by the local community about sustainability is adequately addressed. List of References Albrechts, L 2006, ‘Shifts in strategic spatial planning? Some evidence from Europe and Australia’ Environment and Planning A’, vol. 38. no. 1, pp. 1149 -1170.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Barker, K 2006, Barker review of land use planning: Final report – recommendations, TSO, London. Chapin, T 2007, Growth management in Florida: Planning for paradise, Ashgate, Aldershot. Gaffikin, F Morrissey, M 2011, Planning in divided cities: Collaborative shaping of contested space, Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex. Jha, M Singh, R 2008, Land use: Reflection on spatial informatics, agriculture and development, Concept Publishers, New Delhi. Kawakami, M 2013, Spatial planning and sustainable development: Approaches for achieving sustainable urban form in Asian cities, Springer, Dordrecht. Koomen, E Beurden, J 2011, Land-use modelling in planning practice, Springer, Dordrecht. Potschin, M Haines-Young, R 2011, ‘Landscapes, sustainability and the place-based analysis of ecosystem services’, Landscape Ecol, vol. 1. no. 9, pp. 1-13. Scholl, B 2012, HESP: Higher education in spatial planning : positions and reflections, VDF, Zürich. This essay on The current policies of land use in Australia was written and submitted by user Chase Robbins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.