Composting Systems For Medium Density Residential Buildings

Question: Discuss about the Waste and Composting Systems For Medium Density Residential Buildings. Answer: Introduction Sustainable resource management and minimization of waste is a priority action area in Australia. The building, as well as construction industry, is the major contributor to waste, and much of it is deposited in the landfill (Han, Clarke Pratt 2014). This study aims to provide a waste and composting systems to reduce waste volumes from developments for medium density residential buildings. The report is based on the use of waste and composting systems for the medium density residential buildings. Various aspects of the system are discussed with three product options for the selected system. The advantages and disadvantages of this system are also discussed with its potential technological improvement to the environmental performance of the system. Waste and composting systems for medium density residential buildings Aspects of waste and composting systems The waste and composting system minimize the resource requirements as well as building wastes through reuse and recycling of the wastes (Saer et al. 2013). The waste management system ensures that the wastes are transported as well as disposed of in a lawful manner. Communal storage, as well as bulk container systems, is common systems for containment of wastes (Barrena et al. 2014). The design of a waste and composting system requires an understanding of biological, physical as well as chemical processes. Those processes are air movement, uptake of carbon as well as nitrogen, transfer, and production of heat. The waste and composting system for residential buildings are increasingly being installed as waste management alternatives to the landfills (Lim et al. 2016). This system is increasingly being used in Australia due to regulations controlling amount of organic matter allowed in the landfills. The main aspects of this system are treating biodegradable waste and reducing global w arming. Three product options available in Australian marketplaces and its respective cost Compost Tumbler: A commercial grade composter is the better way to compost as well as deserves at the heart of the compost system. Multi-bin system is required in order to recycle generated wastes (Di Maria Micale 2015). The features of this product are portability, adequate volume, option for bottom pan and lid and air vents. Using the compost tumbler, it maintains high temperatures in tumbler systems as the container acts as insulation and the rotating keeps the microbes aerated as well as lively. This product is speeding up the composting process and keeping compost well suited for the residential buildings (Li et al. 2013). The cost of the compost tumbler is approximate $199. Figure 1: Compost Tumbler (Source: Di Maria Micale 2015, pp-379) Modular In-Vessel Containers: The contained composting system is modular. This system uses a static composting method such as there is no mechanical agitation while the materials are within the container (Yuan 2013). Fans supply the oxygen and remove heat as well as moisture. Air is being introduced at the base of the materials as well as flows up through the composting mass into headspace at the top (Williams 2013). The modular containers are located outside of the residential building in order to eliminate waste with odour control for active phase of composting. The cost of the compost tumbler is approximate $399. Figure 2: Modular In-Vessel Containers (Source: Yuan 2013, pp-7) Rotary drums: It is included as a solid waste composting system in Australia that utilizes drum as the first state of composting technique. It is popular as a composting system as it serves various purposes such as blending, reduction of size without shredding as well as screening (Zaman 2015). This rotary drum is a continuous as well as automatic operation; therefore, its cost of operation is low. The solid that are adhere to the outside of the rotary drums then passes to cut off the solids in order to make known fresh media surface that will penetrate the liquid as the rotation of the drum. It provides a flexible application of dewatering as well as washing of the residential buildings (Guerrero, Maas Hogland 2013). The cost of the compost tumbler is approximate $ 100. Figure 3: Rotary drums (Source: Guerrero, Maas Hogland 2013, pp-231) Advantages and disadvantages of Waste and composting systems Advantages of Waste and composting systems are as follows: The system turns the waste into value added resources by giving a feedstock for the regions licensed capability of composting. It prevents the emissions of greenhouse caused by decomposing of organic landfill wastes into the system (Yuan 2013). It produces valuable products such as compost, which are enhanced soil as well as aid in the growth of the plant (Kaushika, Reddy Kaushik 2016). It reduces mass as well as a volume of the manure when composting is due to moisture content reduction. Due to a composting system, reduction in mass well as volume increases the distance land applied nutrients that are hauled economically (Prashanthi Sundaram 2016). Disadvantages of Waste and composting systems are as follows: The fertilizer contains not as much as half of nitrogen. In the event that fertilizer is not joined into the dirt, then it would lose nitrogen to the environment, which causes harm to the atmosphere (Rich Bharti 2015). The composting process takes time in order to manage the windows to produce quality compost. The composting products are of high cost and it comes with a high price tag (Soltani, et al. 2015). The waste and composting system are difficult to move as well as they are heavy. The systems are hard to turn the compost into the system, as it is difficult to reach over the top of the system (White, Dranke Hindle 2012). Potential technological improvement to environmental performance of medium density residential buildings The goal of this study is to analyze the environmental improvement potentials of the residential buildings such as types of buildings used as the household dwellings, single-family houses and multi-apartment buildings. It can be achieved throughout estimation of the life cycle environmental influences on the residential buildings (Kaushika, Reddy Kaushik 2016). The waste management team should identify the environmental improvement options as well as analysis in environmental benefits as well as costs. The medium density residential buildings present a range of challenges for a provision of the facilities of waste management (Barrena et al. 2014). As the space for throwing of waste is expensive, therefore the developers can see for some technological improvement in waste storage as well as collection areas. The provision of the waste management facilities can encourage recycling of the wastes (Han, Clarke Pratt 2014). It can see as a financial imposition if the safety concerns of t he humans are addressed. It translates to additional prices as well as risks at the operational stages for the service providers. The provision of the waste management facilities aims in order to facilitate as well as enhance the quality of the development with an on-site waste management plan (Yuan 2013). Even the waste management issues have vital impacts on the layout of the development of the residential buildings. In order to ensure the space of storage for efficient waste management as well as recyclable materials are being incorporated into the layout (Guerrero, Maas Hogland 2013). The Australian government is committed to ensuring that their government should keep with developing and modern advancements and also open interest to enhance the waste management system via completing a survey of the key arrangement (Prashanthi Sundaram 2016). With a specific end goal to gather the objectives and also destinations of the key arrangement, a portion of the choices are expected, for example, minimizing the waste era and amplifying reuse, material recuperation and also reusing. Evaluation of current state of market The waste management system is an integrated system that is used to collect as well as the process of the biological wastes. The system is used to collect as well as store the wastes and then transfers it into valuable products. The following are the different technology types on various streams, which are categorized as follows: Technology Type Stream Mechanical separation Biological Chemical Others Mixed plastics Optical sorting Plasma arc Concrete Improved sorting techniques Food Organics Dry and wet processes Anaerobic digestion and composting Paper and cardboard Improved sorting techniques and reprocessing to same plastics Anaerobic digestion and composting Pyrolysis Glass Optical sorting for improved recovery and reuse applications Plastic firms Reprocessing Production of fuel Carpets Reprocessing into other carpets Timber Biochar Radiation Rigid plastics Reprocessing into same or other plastic products Conversion to polyhydroxyalkanoates Electronic wastes Reprocessing of components Extraction of metals by supercritical water oxidation process Extraction of metals by electrokinetic processes Table 1: Technological improvement of waste (Source: Guerrero, Maas Hogland 2013, pp-226) Constraints in residential projects The following are the basic constraints in the residential projects such as: Market constraints: The market factors can hinder the improvement as well as maintenance of waste of the residential housing (Soltani et al. 2015). The market factors can constrain production of the housing farms that have a negative effect on the availability of supportive services. Governmental Constraints: The local government can affect the maintenance of the buildings in several of ways through its land use as well as waste development regulations. Environmental review constraints: The residential projects are developed consistent with general plan as well as zoning code. As waste is the main constraints in the residential projects, therefore before a start of the projects the land, as well as areas, should require reviewing so that the plan is developed properly (White, Dranke Hindle 2012). The residential should meet with the environmental and waste management rules. Resource constraints: There may be a lack of labor, materials as well as equipment to manage the waste in the residential areas. Management constraints: It occurs due to pre-fabrication of errors, waste in the construction site, and delay in the waste management plan, lack of maintenance of the waste and composting system as well as financial concerns in payments to the vendors. Recommendations Education and awareness: The public should need education as well as awareness of the global preservation. The supermarkets and institutions should encourage recycling with an introduction of modern waste and composting system. Proper waste management campaigns should also be done to aware the population of the harmful effects of wastes on the human health. Waste collection program: The public of the residential buildings should develop this program so that it helps to prevent the costly repairs due to clogged drains. It should improve the residents and make them green. Use of modern waste and composting system: The modern, as well as advanced waste system, should reduce the garbage services as well as overflow the costs. The use of the new system should be useful for the residents as it is updated and maintained properly on the daily basis. Also the use of the waste system should reduce the human errors while handling the wastes. Conclusion It is concluded that the waste management system is crucial for reducing the residential buildings impacts on the environment. The supply management plays a major role in reducing the amounts of wastes that the organization and residential buildings are producing. The waste and composting system should be used by the organization to reduce the occurrence of harmful diseases among the human. Three product options are used for this particular waste system are compost timber, modular in-vessel containers and rotary drums. Some of the recommendations are also discussed so that the influence of the wastes on the residential buildings should be controlled such as education to the public, use of modern system and waste collection program. The use of the efficient system should treat biodegradable waste as well as reduce the global warming. The waste administration group ought to distinguish the natural change choices and in addition, examination in ecological advantages and in addition cost s. The medium density private structures show a scope of difficulties for the arrangement of the offices of waste administration. The system of waste management is disposed of as well as it is being transported in a lawful way. References Barrena, R, Font, X, Gabarrell, X Sanchez, A 2014, Home composting versus industrial composting: Influence of composting system on compost quality with a focus on compost stability',Waste management,34(7), pp.1109-1116. Di Maria, F Micale, C 2015, Life cycle analysis of incineration compared to anaerobic digestion followed by composting for managing organic waste: the influence of system components for an Italian district, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,vol. 20, no. 3, pp.377-388. Guerrero, LA, Maas, G Hogland, W 2013, Solid waste management challenges for cities in developing countries,Waste management,vol. 33, no. 1, pp.220-232. Han, W, Clarke, W Pratt, S 2014, Composting of waste algae: A review,Waste management,vol. 34, no. 7, pp.1148-1155. Kaushika, ND, Reddy, KS Kaushik, K 2016, Solid Waste Management, InSustainable Energy and the Environment: A Clean Technology Approach(pp. 197-209). Springer International Publishing. Li, Z, Lu, H, Ren, L He, L 2013, Experimental and modeling approaches for food waste composting: A review,Chemosphere,vol. 93, no. 7, pp.1247-1257. Lim, SL, Lee, LH Wu, TY 2016, Sustainability of using composting and vermicomposting technologies for organic solid waste biotransformation: recent overview, greenhouse gases emissions and economic analysis, Journal of Cleaner Production,no. 111, pp.262-278. Prashanthi, M Sundaram, R eds, 2016,Integrated Waste Management in India: Status and Future Prospects for Environmental Sustainability. Springer. Rich, N Bharti, A, 2015, Assessment of different types of in-vessel composters and its effect on stabilization of MSW compost,International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume2, issue-3 June, pp.2395-0056. Saer, A, Lansing, S, Davitt, NH Graves, RE 2013, Life cycle assessment of a food waste composting system: environmental impact hotspots,Journal of Cleaner Production,no. 52, pp.234-244. Soltani, A, Hewage, K, Reza, B Sadiq, R 2015, Multiple stakeholders in multi-criteria decision-making in the context of Municipal Solid Waste Management: A review,Waste Management,no. 35, pp.318-328. White, P., Dranke, M. and Hindle, P., 2012.Integrated solid waste management: a lifecycle inventory. Springer Science Business Media. Williams, PT, 2013,Waste treatment and disposal. John Wiley Sons. Yuan, H 2013, A SWOT analysis of successful construction waste management.Journal of Cleaner Production,no. 39, pp.1-8. Yuan, H 2013, Key indicators for assessing the effectiveness of waste management in construction projects,Ecological indicators,no. 24, pp.476-484. Zaman, AU 2015, A comprehensive review of the development of zero waste management: lessons learned and guidelines,Journal of Cleaner Production,no. 91, pp.12-25.